Introduction Mitochondria regulate a multitude of different signaling and metabolic pathways, such as energy production, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation, iron metabolism, and apoptosis (Schmidt et al, 2010). However, mitochondria also generate reactive …
Introduction The direct connection between distant cells via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) is now well documented in many cell lines (Pinto et al, 2020; Roehlecke & Schmidt, 2020). The architecture of TNTs and the identification of their components were …
Introduction Heme biosynthesis is one of the most efficient metabolic pathways in humans. A total of 270 million molecules of heme are produced for every RBC (D’Alessandro et al, 2017), at a rate of over 2 million RBCs per second (Dean, 2005). Heme, a …
Introduction One of the important findings of high-throughput sequencing was that the transcriptional landscape is more complex than originally imagined: it could be shown that only a diminutive fraction of the human genome (<2%) encodes proteins, …
Introduction Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium infecting over half of the world’s population (Hooi et al, 2017). H. pylori colonization of the stomach results in gastric inflammation (gastritis) and an increased risk for the development of …
Abstract Immunometabolism investigates the intricate relationship between the immune system and cellular metabolism. This study delves into the consequences of mitochondrial frataxin (FXN) depletion, the primary cause of Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), a …
Introduction Neural stem cells (NSCs) and their progeny reside in two primary neurogenic niches in the adult mammalian brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Within the adult DG niche, NSCs give rise to …
Introduction Protein folding majorly takes place in the ER, and any perturbation pertaining to interference with ER homeostasis such as hypoxia, hypoglycemia, protein folding defects, changes in calcium levels, and redox potential causes unfolded and …
Introduction Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are DNA-transcribed RNA molecules that, instead of encoding proteins, perform a range of important cellular functions that include the regulation of gene expression, control of cell differentiation, and maintenance of …
Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women worldwide, and is characterized by a high rate of recurrence after surgery and chemotherapy. We sought to implement a circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)–based …
Introduction Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent one of the most common infections in children (1). Although many anatomical and physiological genetic risk factors have been identified, our understanding of host immunological susceptibility to UTIs …
Abstract For establishing sister chromatid cohesion and proper chromosome segregation in mitosis in fission yeast, the acetyltransferase Eso1 plays a key role. Eso1 acetylates cohesin complexes, at two conserved lysine residues K105 and K106 of the cohesin …
Introduction Plasmodium parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs is a serious problem throughout endemic regions and underscores the need for new antimalarial drugs that work against novel drug targets (1). In addition to killing asexual blood stage (ABS) …
Introduction Vertebrate animals are built with a stereotypic body plan. Key developmental processes including gastrulation, germ layer patterning, cell lineage specification, and organ formation are under conserved morphogenetic and molecular regulation ( …
Introduction Cilia and their organelle cousins, flagella, play essential roles in many cell types. Notably, a single modified motile cilium (a flagellum) projects from male gametes and is essential for fertility in sexually reproducing animals (1). In …
Results Non-ER-imported PrP is targeted to the nucleus To specifically study cytosolic quality control pathways that operate on the fraction of secretory proteins that were not translocated through the Sec61 translocon into the ER, we followed up on three …
Crumbs homolog 1 (CRB1) is one of the key genes linked to retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis, which are characterized by a high clinical heterogeneity. The Crumbs family member CRB2 has a similar protein structure to CRB1, and in zebrafish …
Abstract Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), pose significant risks of severe fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite their …
Introduction Alport syndrome (AS), the progressive hereditary kidney disease that is estimated to impact approximately 1 in 50,000 newborns, is associated with aberrant glomerular basement membrane (GBM) type IV collagen composition, and it remains a …
Introduction The RNA-binding protein (RBP) human antigen R (HuR) is ubiquitously expressed. It contains three highly conserved RNA-binding domains also known as RNA recognition motifs (RRMs; RRM1-3), and a hinge region between RRM2 and RRM3 that serves as …
