Introduction Gene regulation is a fundamental process that controls the normal development and function of living organisms. During development, a complex series of molecular interactions guide the transformation of a single cell into a multicellular …
Abstract EIF4A1 and cofactors EIF4B and EIF4H have been well characterised in cancers, including B cell malignancies, for their ability to promote the translation of oncogenes with structured 5′ untranslated regions. However, very little is known of their …
Introduction There is a tight interplay between cellular metabolism and gene regulation at the chromatin level. Many of the chromatin-modifying enzymes use central metabolites as substrates or cofactors for catalysing the insertion (“writers”) or removal …
Introduction During each heartbeat, the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) cycles dynamically between low resting diastolic and high active systolic levels within cardiomyocytes (Bers, 2002; Eisner et al, 2017; Sankaranarayanan et al, 2017): …
Introduction Proper functioning of all living organisms depends on the faithful maintenance and transmission of genomic information stored in the molecule of DNA. However, DNA integrity is continuously challenged by a variety of endogenous and exogenous …
Introduction Host defence against infection relies on two important systems: the immune and the coagulation systems. Platelets are anucleate cells produced by megakaryocytes and are responsible for blood clotting and haemostasis (Lefrancais et al, 2017). …
Introduction The development of multicellular organisms requires the activation of different gene batteries which specify the identity of each individual cell type. Such shifts in cellular identity are driven by shifts in the gene regulatory network (GRN) …
Introduction Rapid cellular responses to external stimuli rely on regulation of gene expression. Among numerous steps required for this response, the spatial organization of the genome is known to modulate DNA accessibility to the transcriptional machinery …
Introduction Mitochondria are double-membrane–bound organelles with an essential role in homeostasis of eukaryotic cells. They are often referred to as the “powerhouse of the cell” because of their prominent function in bioenergetics. Among many other …
Introduction The CRISPR-Cas system is a widely used genome engineering technology because of its simple programmability, versatile scalability, and targeting efficiency (Wang & Doudna, 2023). Although researchers are rapidly developing CRISPR-Cas9 …
Introduction Differential co-expression (DCE) network analysis is a valuable approach for understanding the gene regulation of disease and guiding the development of personalized therapies (Mousavian et al, 2017; Voigt et al, 2017; Luo et al, 2018; van Dam …
Introduction Spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatozoa are produced from germ cells in the testis. In the mouse embryonic testis, germ cells mitotically divide and arrest on embryonic day 14 (Western et al, 2008). Primordial germ cells reach the …
Abnormal trophoblast function is associated with diseases such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, and preterm birth, and endangers maternal and fetal health. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we …
Introduction Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles playing vital roles in various cellular functions involving energy conversion, calcium buffering, iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis, immune responses, apoptosis, and various metabolic reactions. …
Introduction The Hippo pathway is a highly conserved signalling pathway that regulates key cellular processes including organ size, cell fate, and tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, deregulation of the Hippo pathway is implicated in cancer development, …
Introduction Glucose-regulated protein of 94 kD (GRP94 or Gp96) is an ER paralog of the heat-shock protein 90 family (hsp90) that binds and hydrolyses ATP to chaperone the folding and maturation of its clients (Lee et al, 1981; Wu et al, 2016). It is …
Introduction Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is abundant in tumors and suppresses T cells (1, 2). PD-L1, expressed in either cancer cells or myeloid cells, binds with its receptor PD-1 in T cells (3). PD-L1 is one of the major targets of cancer …
Fiber analysis by DNA spreading DNA fiber labeling analysis was performed as described previously (Jackson & Pombo, 1998). To measure fork speeds in unchallenged conditions, cells were pulsed sequentially with 20 μM CldU and 100 μM IdU for 30 min each. …
Introduction The innate immune system represents the host´s first-line defense against viral infections (Koyama et al, 2008). In this context, IFN-I are produced by all nucleated cells and represent the principal cytokines that counteract viral replication …
The transcription factor SPT5 physically interacts with MYC oncoproteins and is essential for efficient transcriptional activation of MYC targets in cultured cells. Here, we use Drosophila to address the relevance of this interaction in a living organism. …
