Geneva, June 25, 2024
PR/2024/920

Investment in intangible assets like brands, designs, data and software has grown three times faster over the past 15 years than investment in physical assets like factories and machinery, with Sweden, the US and France seeing the most-intensive activity and India trending upward, according to new data from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

The first-ever World Intangible Investment Highlights, published in partnership with Italy’s Luiss Business School (LBS), demonstrates how intangible assets are an increasingly important driver of innovation and economic growth in a globalized knowledge economy.

Despite disruptive global crises and rising interest rates, aggregate intangible investment touched US$6.9 trillion in 2023, more than doubling from US$2.9 trillion in 1995. Since 2008, the intangible investment growth rate has tripled that of tangible investment, which rose to US$4.7 trillion in 2023, the report shows.

One game changing but invisible trend in our global economy is the rise of intangible assets as the driver and holder of value in our global economy. Even in the current period of economic uncertainty, intangible investment is thriving and consistently outpacing total tangible investment, surging both in high-income economies like the United States and Europe as well as in fast-emerging economies like India.

This report underlines the leading role played by intangibles, underpinned by intellectual property (IP), in the global economy and contributes hard data to support evidence-based policymaking for governments around the world seeking innovation-led growth.

WIPO Director General Daren Tang

The report also shows:

• Resilience during economic uncertainty: Intangible investment levels have shown greater resilience compared to tangible investment during recent economic downturns, even as higher interest rates have hindered other investment streams.
• Increasing GDP share: Intangible investments make up a growing share of gross domestic product (GDP) in high-income as well as emerging economies, such as India.
• Most-intensive locations: The economies which are most intangible-asset intensive (relative to GDP) are Sweden, the United States (US), and France. Intangible investment in the US, for example, makes up nearly twice the share of GDP as compared to tangible investment in 2023. Among the countries where tangible investment’s share of GDP is higher than that of intangible investment, the gap between the two has been narrowing over time.
• Leading economies (1995-2023): Corporations in the US, France, Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) are top investors in intangible assets, with the US registering by far the highest levels of intangible investment in 2023. France and Germany followed similar trajectories until 2020, after which France’s level of intangible investment surged ahead of Germany’s, making it the European Union leader.
• Remarkable growth in emerging economies: India has exhibited the fastest growth in intangible investment from 2011 to 2020 (latest data available), surpassing the growth rates of many high-income economies, and matching the intangible investment intensity of Germany and Japan (as a share of GDP).
• Leading intangible asset types: Software, data and brands are the fastest growing types of intangible assets.

Despite their significant economic impact, traditional measurement frameworks have inadequately captured the size, composition and impact of intangible assets. This report, based on data from the WIPO-LBS Global INTAN-Invest Database, offers up-to-date, cross-country measures of intangible investments, crucial for informed policy-making and economic forecasting, around the globe. The report currently covers 26 countries covering more than half of global GDP, with more economies planned for inclusion in further editions.

“In today's rapidly changing business environment, investing in intangible assets is essential for companies to enhance their capabilities to cope with the digital transformation, to adapt quickly, and to stay competitive”, says Cecilia Jona-Lasinio, Professor, Luiss Business School, and co-author of the report, “This is why developing data on intangibles, such as Global-INTAN Invest, is vital for informed policymaking and strategic planning.”